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International Investment Law and Legal Theory : Expropriation and the Fragmentation of Sources
Expropriation is a hotly debated issue in international investment law.This is the first study to provide a detailed analysis of its norm-theoretical dimension, setting out the theoretical foundations underlying its understanding in contemporary legal scholarship and practice.Jörg Kammerhofer combines a doctrinal discussion with a theoretical analysis of the structure of the law in this area, undertaking a novel approach that critically re-evaluates existing case-law and writings.His approach critiques the arguments for a single expropriation norm based on custom, interpretation and arbitral precedents within international investment law, drawing also on generalist international legal thought, to show that both cosmopolitan and sovereigntist arguments are largely political, not legal.This innovative work will help scholars to understand the application of theory to investment law and help specialists in the field to improve their arguments.
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Technology and Innovation Management
Technology and Innovation Management is one of the most sought-after courses offered like MBA or PGDM in Business Schools and various Technology Institutes, today.This book, written with deep ingrained practical insights and well-researched theoretical foundations integrates people, processes and technology to achieve maximum economic benefits to society.The book is designed to be a compendium for students and managers, who wish to understand technology and innovation management to the core.The book explains the relationship between technology innovation and strategy in a simplified manner.Keeping Indian education framework in mind, this book details on practices and principles that are easy to implement.The theories are simple to grasp, and anecdotal stories on Technology and Innovation implementations make it a student-friendly edition, to help achieve success in exams as well as in the professional front.It further explains the core principles of Technology and Innovation Management.S-Curve and the Segment Zero Principle, adopting industry 4.0 and innovation 4.0 to make India a smart and intelligent manufacturing hub in the era of fourth industrial revolution, design thinking for solving complex business problems along with the role and contribution of Government in Technology Development.
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What is indirect expropriation?
Indirect expropriation refers to a situation where a government's actions or regulations significantly interfere with a foreign investor's property rights, to the extent that it has the same effect as a direct expropriation. This can occur through measures such as excessive taxation, unreasonable regulations, or discriminatory practices that devalue or render the investment worthless. Indirect expropriation can lead to disputes between the investor and the host country, often resulting in compensation claims under international investment treaties or agreements.
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Is expropriation of housing acceptable?
Expropriation of housing can be a controversial topic as it involves taking private property for public use. Some argue that it is necessary to address issues such as housing shortages or urban development, while others believe it violates property rights. Ultimately, the acceptability of expropriation of housing depends on the specific circumstances, the justification for the expropriation, and the protection of the rights of those affected. It is important to consider the balance between public interest and individual property rights when evaluating the acceptability of expropriation of housing.
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What is an indirect expropriation?
An indirect expropriation occurs when a government action or regulation significantly diminishes the value or use of an investment, without physically taking ownership of it. This can include measures such as excessive taxation, unreasonable regulations, or discriminatory treatment that effectively deprives the investor of the benefits of their investment. Indirect expropriation is considered a violation of international investment law and investors may be entitled to compensation for the loss of their investment.
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Can one defend themselves against expropriation?
One can defend themselves against expropriation by understanding their legal rights and seeking legal counsel. It is important to review the laws and regulations related to expropriation in their jurisdiction and ensure that the expropriating authority has followed the proper procedures. Additionally, one can negotiate with the expropriating authority to reach a fair compensation for their property. In some cases, it may be possible to challenge the expropriation in court if it can be proven that the expropriation is not for a valid public purpose or that the compensation offered is not just.
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Technology Innovation in Manufacturing
This text identifies and discusses different technology innovation initiatives (TIIs) such as entrepreneurial capability, technology infrastructure capability, organizational culture and climate, and government initiatives.It further evaluates the relationship between various technology innovation initiatives and manufacturing performances using multi-criteria decision-making techniques such as fuzzy set theory (FST), structural equation modeling (SEM), and analytic hierarchy process (AHP).It will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers in the field of industrial engineering, manufacturing engineering, mechanical engineering, automotive engineering. This book:• Discusses technology innovation initiatives such as entrepreneurial capability, technology infrastructure capability, and organizational culture. • Highlights technology innovation-strategy model in assisting manufacturing industries for enhancing their performance in today’s competitive environment. • Examines the effect of technology innovation initiatives on the performance of manufacturing industries. • Covers multi-criteria decision-making techniques such as fuzzy set theory, structural equation modeling, and analytic hierarchy process. • Explores the validation of fuzzy-based technology innovation model through structural equation modeling.
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Sales Force Management : Leadership, Innovation, Technology
This 14th edition of Sales Force Management continues to build on the book’s reputation as a contemporary classic, fully updated for modern sales management teaching, research, and practice. By identifying recent trends and applications, Sales Force Management combines real-world sales management best practices with cutting-edge theory and empirical research in a single, authoritative source.The authors have strengthened the focus on the use of technology in sales management including the use of AI in predictive sales analytics, updated the content to reflect the enduring impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic, and revised the case studies and features throughout.Pedagogical features include:All-new ‘Thought Bubblers’ posing international challenges regularly encountered by sales managers to develop students’ cultural intelligence and ability to handle cross-cultural interactions with ease.Engaging breakout questions designed to spark lively discussion. Leadership Challenge assignments at the end of every chapter to help students understand and apply the principles they have learned in the classroom. Minicases updated to reflect contemporary B2B industry settings that today’s graduating sales students will find themselves in, such as technology sales roles. Leadership, Innovation, and Technology boxes that simulate real-world challenges faced by salespeople and their managers. Ethical Moment boxes in each chapter put students on the firing line of making ethical choices in sales. Role-Play exercises at the end of each chapter, designed to enable students to learn by doing. This fully updated new edition is an invaluable resource for students of sales management at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Online supplementary resources include an Instructor’s Manual and PowerPoint lecture slides.
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Is expropriation now a done deal?
Expropriation is not necessarily a done deal at this point. While there have been discussions and proposals regarding expropriation in various contexts, such as land reform or nationalization of industries, the actual implementation of expropriation would depend on specific legislative processes, legal challenges, and political negotiations. The outcome of these processes will determine whether expropriation becomes a reality or not. Therefore, it is important to closely monitor the developments and decisions related to expropriation in each specific case.
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What is the expropriation of savers?
The expropriation of savers refers to a situation where the value of savings or investments held by individuals or institutions is eroded or confiscated by the government or other entities. This can happen through policies such as high inflation, currency devaluation, or direct seizure of assets. Expropriation of savers can have a significant negative impact on individuals and the economy, as it undermines trust in the financial system and reduces people's ability to plan for the future. It is often seen as a violation of property rights and can lead to social unrest and economic instability.
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How will the large expropriation continue?
The large expropriation will likely continue through a combination of government actions, legal processes, and negotiations with affected parties. Governments may use their eminent domain powers to acquire land for public use, such as for infrastructure projects or urban development. Legal processes will be followed to ensure that property owners are compensated fairly for their expropriated land. Negotiations may also take place to reach mutually beneficial agreements between the government and property owners. Overall, the large expropriation will involve a complex and ongoing process to balance the needs of public development with the rights of property owners.
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Does the Building Energy Act entail expropriation?
No, the Building Energy Act does not entail expropriation. Expropriation is the act of a government taking private property for public use, typically with compensation to the owner. The Building Energy Act focuses on regulations and standards related to energy efficiency in buildings, rather than property ownership or seizure.
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